Tuesday, October 27, 2015
不是玩笑 原來我是臭臉衛忠欣
本來就該清理辦公室,拜校長大人之賜,清理速度加快。幾十年來,我有一明顯缺點,就是不寫賀卡、不回賀卡。下場當然是收到的卡片數量,逐年下跌。不過,教書夠久,還是累積一定的數量。整理抽屜與辦公室桌面時,發現80%以上卡片開頭都類似,寫著「第一眼,感覺老師好兇、都不會笑,很怕老師,擔心不好相處。慢慢地發現……」,這樣讀下去,心情真的不可能好起來。所以,不是狂撕、就是丟入資源回收桶。剩下大約五張卡片時,終於頓悟,這就是我,認了。這種臉,對攝影人而言,正是所謂的「臭臉」。我一向在鏡頭後方,確實沒注意自己這張臭臉、老臉。
好吧,我是臭臉衛忠欣。這是壞消息。
突然想到,最近整理案件,一再冒出臭臉二字,唯臭臉主人不是我。
如今我發現、也承認是臭臉衛忠欣,所以,我是不是可以隨性去咬人、告人啊!我是受害者,無庸置疑,證據就是我這張臭臉。
這算是好消息嗎?
Labels:
cheap talk; gossip,
common sense,
disclosure,
education,
good for bed-time reading; 異想天開,
Wenzao,
周守民,
招生,
文藻,
陳美華
難怪文藻不需設許願池! No wonder there is no wishing well at Wenzao
不是寓言 也不是洪仲丘案
我有一個夢,很怕醒來發現「醜夢成真」。
女生(甲生)指控老師要求她去收集男生精液,甲生當時臉很臭,在場三位男生都看到了。老師說沒有此事。最後裁決:
「老師固辯稱無此事,唯查,上開事實,除有甲生到場陳述外,並有乙生、丙生二人在場聽聞,且乙生、丙生二人經隔離訪談之內容與甲生之陳述相符,衡情當無故意構陷之情事,是老師所辯尚難採認,足證老師之言詞顯以明示之方式,從事甲生不受歡迎且具有性意味之行為,致影響甲生之人格尊嚴。」
我覺得此夢比洪仲丘案還要誇張。以後,想要指控誰,只需說給兩三位好朋友聽,指控就會變成鐵證,老師的反駁被當成空氣。想要什麼,就會得到什麼!
難怪文藻不需設許願池!
試問:如果綜藝節目主持人,在公開場合請一位女性來賓去收集精液,當下會有何反應?打耳光、踹腳、怒奔、落淚、提告、昏倒?其他男性來賓都被隔空點穴了嗎?
怎可能只是臭臉?! 難道甲生只有臭臉表情?
我只能說,若不是教學卓越,教出的學生修養一級棒;
就是有人笨到不會撒謊、更有人笨到會相信這笨謊言。
Labels:
common sense,
corruption,
education,
information disclosure,
justice,
liars,
stupidity,
Wenzao,
wishing well,
倫理,
內鬥,
周守民,
招生,
文藻,
陳美華
Tuesday, October 20, 2015
「寶貝」? 說謊的「寶貝」
為了準備訴訟,找出我在104年4月29日給學生申訴評議委員會的補充書面資料,也正式向系主任請求提供通訊記錄。
因為最後階段的修改,學生一直很不用心,我只能嚴肅訂下門檻,錯誤不能超出20~30個,繳交次日,務必來拿批改過的紙本。錯誤超過50處,學生完全不聞不問,消失一週。
我只有給予不及格分數。消失的學生,又出現了。
104年1月2 6日學生電郵: 上次繳交給您的專題紙本,想請問您還有沒有要再修改的地方?
1月2 7日我電郵: 一週前,我改了 錯誤仍有幾十處。 你們未出現。暑修分工改寫。
1月2 7日學生電郵: 關於專題,我們四位在一周前,都沒有收到老師您的來信,說要再次改寫專題內容。
我決定不理會這種說謊的學生。
104年1月28日4:13 pm學生竟寫道:「希望老師能給我們溝通的空間,如果老師不願意,那我們也將採取其他管道的方式來爭取我們的權利。」
同日10:23 pm寫給系主任:「衛老師以我們未出現的理由當掉我們,而且還是衛老師原本說要告知我們的,自己忘了的失誤,來當掉我們。」
我沒有忘記任何事情,我批閱幾頁就發現錯誤超過50處,我批閱是否有失誤,當然應接受公評。這本批閱過的最後版本,也原貌提供給學生申訴評議委員會。
「以你們未出現的理由當掉你們」,「以我忘了的失誤當掉你們」,這都是謊言!
104年2月5日 下午12:03 學生電郵給系主任: 「謝謝您的通知,也非常謝謝您這一周以來盡力的幫忙,既然學校不同意,也只能暑修了,那我們會在跟衛老師做溝通聯繫的。 謝謝您的來回奔走為我們爭取權利。」學生一直沒與我有任何接觸。
104年4月22日 學生向學生申訴評議委員會提起申訴,理由有「學生向所尋求幫助的老師,均無法獲得正面回應。申訴學生認為班導、系主任並沒有替學生爭取權益。」
難道,2月5日之後,學生喝了孟婆湯?!
某人稱他們為「寶貝」,文藻追蹤輔導他們的心理健康、加強對身體自主與自我保護之能力,很好。或許更該確定他們了解何謂利益證人,承諾幫他們打偽證官司。
「說謊的寶貝」,國家社會不歡迎的!
後記:
我是隨時準備退休的人。回憶過去,指導過的碩研生,最好的有兩位。一位是陳先生,恰好是這文章在臉書的第一位回應者。另一位是詹老師,目前在南台科大任職。陳先生論文口試有條件通過,我們先簽了名。修改過程中,發現數學推導有誤,我們無法突破難關,陳先生竟然願意放棄,讓即將到手的碩士文憑,化為雲煙。二十年前,真的會有這種真正的堅守理想主義、誠實負責的學生!記得,當時教務處還特地合情合理的關切,深怕我們有打壓學生之嫌。陳先生與父母沒有任何指控或誣告我。人在做、天在看。
Monday, October 19, 2015
鬼話連篇
收銀員向店長投訴,某客人是奧客。
店長要求客人說明,客人否認,也提到,「印象中,收銀員偶爾會擺臭臉。」
店長問收銀員為何要投訴,收銀員說:「氣死人,他就是奧客啊!所以我一直擺臭臉給他看。」
店長下結論: 『收銀員的臭臉,與客人所述「收銀員偶爾會擺臭臉」,不謀而合,足見客人所辯並非是奧客,顯不足取。故奧客之行為,至為灼然。』
鬼話連篇!
我會想聽聽專家與律師的高見,先有請葉毓蘭、郭麗安、吳剛魁三位。
孟婆湯嗎?
A回國,約時間見面,是要送咖啡。時間是 5 pm, June 25, 2014.
無法想像的天才調查小組,調查報告竟可以寫為「分數掌握於老師之手,不得不向其求情。老師將 A強壓在椅子上,A反抗,表示不願意,但老師仍繼續強壓A坐下強迫拍照,時間長達2至3分鐘,令A極度不舒服。」這劇情很驚悚吧!
同日,11:54 pm,老師傳送幾張當天拍的照片,如上圖。11:27 pm, June 27, 2014,老師傳送那罐咖啡照片致謝,得到「不客氣! 帶東西回來給老師是應該的」之回應。如下圖。
A是在June 25, 2014晚上喝了兩天有效的孟婆湯嗎?還是將近一年後提供偽證?
Saturday, October 17, 2015
Empty or Wasted?
頭腦笨、反應慢 可以包容
不用心、來陰的 不該包庇
學校行事曆,早在幾個月前就公布於網頁。一年一次的慈善園遊會,安排在星期日,當日為上班上課日,另有補假。很清楚的規定,執行面是如何呢?
一週來,接到許多的「事假」申請,最誇張的理由是「家庭旅遊」。我會在推薦這類同學求職時,加註:「請給予面試機會,若與次數頻繁的家庭旅遊撞期,無法保證會參加面試。」
也有同學表示,辛苦打工、自己賺生活費,值得鼓勵,這種事假,真是再合理不過了。我只有一個問題:學校行事曆與上班的排班表,那個先出爐?
依規則走,有這麼難嗎?
這個社會病了,也不是一兩天的事。有人不喜歡柱柱姐,可以下戰帖邀辯論、打筆仗、花錢在報紙登廣告,最後也只是讓她就少一張票。任何人若利用程序灰色地帶,來陰的,會下地獄的。頭腦笨、反應慢,可以包容。不用心、來陰的,不該包庇。我見過有學生成績不及格,未在規定時間申請成績覆查,寫信放話威脅無效,竟拼湊理由告老師。
學生不好,也許是老師沒教好。親眼見到,會議桌上,有老師散發黑函。也許,老師的錯,是學校高層的問題。我也訝異,連會議成員適法性都沒檢查,就急著開會開鍘。一路向上沿燒,矛頭又指向教育部與立法院了。
多年前,兼行政職時,對「感謝長官提拔,我是來學習的」這種話,很不以為然。學習是必要的、是你自己的事,傻瓜才付錢給你學習。學生繳學費,委託學校給予學習的環境與機會。年復一年,見到非常多的學生,吝於付出心力,或是完全不用心經營園遊會攤位,這類同學,求職時厚顏寫著:「細心負責有創意、能團隊合作」。失業率之計算,是將沒有求職意願的失業人,不列入「失業人口」。
這類人,真的有求職意願嗎?
容我引用藝人韋佳德 (Skanda) 寫的:
我跟劉老師一樣,在課堂上再也不接受「無法替自己的學習負起責任」的同學選修,在生命中再也不會與「無法替自己所選所作所為負起責任」的人有多來往。
(https://www.facebook.com/ruike85/photos/a.1482866381958231.1073741830.1482081335370069/1686814871563380/?type=3&hc_location=ufi)
後記:
剛才有人問我,幾十年前,可曾翹課? 我常常翹課,理由是自己看課本,效果好太多。我翹課,也沒掰理由。翹課三小時,代價是超過三小時的自習,甚至是被當。自己負全責!
至於,一定要「團隊合作」嗎?我一向坦誠,當年選上系學會總幹事(現在是會長),動機完全不是熱心服務,只是打賭能否選上。我一生獨來獨往,未曾在履歷表厚顏寫道「能團隊合作 (be a good team player)」。今夏去法院遞狀時,只有主耶穌與我知道。
Wednesday, October 07, 2015
Education?
I have been teaching (not as a teaching assistant but as an instructor fully responsible for lecture design, delivery, and grading) since 1985. That is, I have been teaching for 30 years. The only official complaint regarding my grading is THIS ONE. 我授課(不含 TA 經歷) 正好達30年 這是唯一的成績不公投訴.
具名具體的指控, 兩造提出事證, 第三方公評, 才能還原真相
Thursday, September 17, 2015
6-year faculty development plan (submitted as requested)
教師未來六年專業發展計畫
教學
1.持續本人歷年風格(如:自製附照片之座位表、e-learning存放當期與歷史資料、筆試試題與詳解資訊公開透明、教學評量與學期成績平均值資訊公開透明、工具課程教材與試題以英文為之)。
2.近三年(學生給予教師的)教學評量皆在4.0上下,盼能維持。Spring 2015有兩門大一必修課,教學評量竟然微低於3.5,但問卷有效率極低,本人在Fall 2015將探究原因與改善。
3.盼繼續與體育教學中心張主任合作,將應用賽局實作部份,與體育選修課密切結合,既活化體育教學,也落實院際合作。
4.104學年上學期(即Fall 2015)支援產業學院之全英語授課學分學程的商業談判技巧,係全英語授課。在此之前,也為國際交換生以全英語授課(應用賽局)一學期。只要學生端有需求,本人有意願、也有能力,就應用賽局與談判領域,進行全英語授課。
研究
1.持續一年一篇期刊論文或一件產學合作研究案結案報告。逐年成長率為零。
2.提升期刊論文之品質。
服務
1.近年服務皆限於校內(例外:擔任無給職的國際期刊IJBE主編),Fall 2015~Spring 2016期間,將以自身案例與文藻經驗,自力救濟遊說立法院,盼能微修教師法,消除學校處理性平事件之灰色地帶,維護近49000位教師之尊嚴與權益。
2.將與里長接洽,提供業餘攝影免費假日開課,主要服務對象為長青族與退休人士。這是本人一直沒有投入的社區服務。
生涯規劃與人事行政
因健康因素,未屆齡退休,機會甚大。未來也將請求「一年一聘」。
Tuesday, September 15, 2015
「唯一的無能」,也很難找到
A good teacher is not the one who makes students remember him or her, but the one who can make students learn on their own now and forever.
廣告總免不了誇飾語法,出版商喜歡用類似「哈佛大學不會教你的」、「哈佛企管不會教你的」、「你在哈佛醫學院學不到的」,這些聳動標題。其實,更重要的是,先問自己,為何進不了哈佛,問自己與哈佛門檻究竟差多遠?是差幾步,還是差幾公里?一群人只會窮嚷嚷,要追求卓越,打造唯一品牌與聲譽。我一直抱持悲觀態度,世上本來就是極少數精英在突破與領導。「唯一」兩字,談何容易,沒能力的,不在少數,所以「唯一的無能」,也很難找到。大多數人能做的,應是小心追隨智者的足跡,別胡搞瞎搞,辜負智者用心開路的美意。
用眼看、用心體會,很多小事情,得先學會才行。自己不要求自我,學校怎麼教,都改變不了本質。營利事業會付錢給你做事,也是活該倒霉。
有美語補教業負責人,會寫出 Give me a reasonable reason.
在學界,有人寫信起頭是 Dear Assistant Professor Lee, Dear Associate Professor Wei. 難道他從未有正常的學術圈通信經驗嗎?
也見過 John Doe 寫信給 Professor Adam Smith 時,寫著
Dear Professor Adam Smith, …….. 落款 John
既沒禮貌,還想裝熟。
慣例應是
Dear Professor Smith, …….. 落款 John Doe.
這不是來自翻轉教學,應該是顛倒教學吧!
與職場陌生人專業書信首次聯繫時,末尾來個裝可愛 “Have a nice day!” 也常見。
大學裡,更常見自認是英文高材生,寫信起頭是 Dear Teacher Lee, 難道高材生不看美國電影嗎?
文字藝術,不容忽視。
我們可以稱呼:馬總統、蔡主席、王上校、陳警官、趙醫師。
不可以稱呼:馬即將卸任總統、吳代理主席、李簡任公務員、陳二線一星警官、趙實習醫師。
這是基本常識,不是通識。通識,也許是付錢上課來學的。基本常識,是多觀察、用些心思,不花錢也能學到的。
P.S. On an interesting note, ironically, a perfect girlfriend (resp. boyfriend) is not the one who makes her boyfriend (resp. girlfriend) find love on his (resp. her) own in the future, but the one who makes him (resp. her) remember her (resp. him) now and forever.
Wednesday, September 09, 2015
Sunday, February 23, 2014
請行政同仁 有效率一些 專業ㄧ點 有這麼難嗎?! Is it too much to ask for some efficiency at work place?
開學前
我們特地為國際交換生 開了門全英語授課的選修課 Applied Game Theory
上週一 來了八位
我寫信給交換生
請他們宣傳
同學也熱情回應協助
好不容易 找到 10 位 國際交換生
達到教務處的要求
然而
開學一週了
教務系統裡 竟然還未出現這十位國際交換生的資料
這樣辦國際合作
令我傻眼
Tuesday, February 18, 2014
A new criterion that can hardly fail anyone -- Amazing! 太平盛世
102-2學期學生操行評量變革說明 摘錄
102學年度第2學期開始實施學生操行成績計算如下:
基本分(82分)±導師分數(+5分至-5分)±獎懲分數 +全勤分數(3分)
爰此,請全校日間部教師配合的事宜如下:
一、敬請全校教師配合確實執行課程點名工作,原因如下:
(一)新制變革,學生請假僅不扣其操行分數,惟所有的輔導工作仍持續進行並更強化與完善。
(二)學生完整缺曠與請假類別紀錄,提供輔導面向極重要之參考價值,不僅可依學生家庭背景、經濟狀況、學習動力及身心狀況,以全面啟動、建立與強化輔導工作、轉介機制與支援系統的完整功能。
(三)學生的缺曠與請假類別完整紀錄,除提供授課教師的成績評定外,亦提供教務處執行科目扣考的佐證來源;因此,對教務處扣考制度的執行完全不受影響。
二、導師請視學生當學期整體表現予以評分,評分範疇為加減五分,仍然保有輔導與約制之效果,並能降低學生因勤缺扣分嚴重,導致操行成績不理想之窘境。
my comments:
1. 基本分(82分)±導師分數(+5分至-5分)±獎懲分數 +全勤分數(3分)
此一記分方式,會有人不及格(<60)嗎 ? 難 非常難!
2. "堅持點名,又要降低學生因勤缺扣分嚴重,導致操行成績不理想之窘境。"
讓我想到: 堅持下廚,不要油煙味,就只能 ...... 燒開水煮蛋
也許有人會想到: 掩耳盜鈴 ...... 更糟糕的是,國王的新衣
3. 前任校長,對於教師評鑑,似乎認定基本分,應遠低於及格門檻 所以,教師得努力,賺到加分,才能達到及格以上成績
兩相對照 行政者的思考邏輯與一致性 令人不解
4. 結論: 文藻學生,一定普遍優於教師 學校可考慮 減薪 降學費 設法汰換部分職員 甚至高階主管 由學生補缺
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輕鬆版
辣妹: 親愛的老公 我偶爾劈腿 你會生氣嗎?
辣妹的男友: 親愛的老婆 別嚴重到 讓我抓狂 就好了
辣妹: 老公 要怎樣 你才會抓狂啊?
辣妹的男友: 親愛的老婆 我聽太多次 就會抓狂啊
辣妹: 我要幫你拿掉 助聽器喲
辣妹的男友: 開心 開心 愛妳喲
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辣妹: 老公 拿掉助聽器 不太好吧 三姑六婆 一定會指指點點 八卦我們
辣妹的男友: 真貼心 嗯 就拿掉助聽器裡的電池 就好了
辣妹: 親愛的老公 真是 既聰明 又體貼 愛你一萬年喲
Saturday, February 15, 2014
無論如何,還是要
Monday, December 23, 2013
NOT “Why We Hire You” BUT “Why You Cannot Be Hired” -- 無感?遲鈍?自我為中心?
在電影「末代武士」 尾聲,天皇問 Tom Cruise: ”Tell me how he died.” Tom Cruise replied: “I can tell you how he lived.” 經濟不景氣的當下,社會與學校搬出各式各樣大補丸,想教導學生如何被企業雇用。每回談到課程調整與改良方案,就有人跳出來說,「這些東西,我在 xxxx課程,都有在教。」教與學,本是兩件事,成效如何,有人認真評估嗎?企業倫理、職場倫理,如當紅炸子雞,誰敢說不重要?但是學生真的學到嗎?一位業界友人曾說:“The real issue is not to explain why and how we hire those college kids, but to let them know why many of them simply cannot be hired (in the first place).”
系學會向教師募集禮物,我捐了兩件小禮物,約值700~800元。我將小禮物交給系辦公室助理,也早已清楚交代系學會工作幹部前往領取。結果完全沒有下文,最基本的「確認」(confirmation),有這麼困難嗎?敢要,就得大方承認與確認。別人捐給你的,並不是你贏得的。未出校園,就染上這些壞毛病,往後還是失業為佳。
多年前的921地震,讓一位學生瞬間失去好幾位家人。我的一位同事(應該是該生的班導師)熱心募捐,我將皮夾清空,捐了至少7000元。幾個月後,該生重返校園,擦身而過,招呼都沒打。Well, as people often said, bad things do happen to good people. But even so, those unlucky ones still have no right to be rude.
一位學生因為違規,將被學務處依校規處分。同學急著求援,我打電話、寫請託函代為說情,總算幫她銷案。沒過多久,該生自己該完成的工作沒動靜,提醒幾次,還是放著擺爛。這是 …… 公主病?女王病?只有自己的事,才放在心頭嗎?!
陳之藩曾說:「專家,還不是隻訓練有素的狗。」這句話,也常被斷章取義,只要看看名嘴如何消費高學歷的政務官即知。我則是由另一端問:「是否有些人,永遠教不會?何必浪費教育資源?」
建議去看電影「天之驕子」。
Monday, December 02, 2013
一回生 二回熟 三次還做不好?
剛完成博士訓練時,發表學術論文,一回生、二回熟,三次還講不好,就要認真檢討,自己是否入錯行。教授新課程,也是如此。一回生、二回熟,三次還不能跳脫課本巢臼或框架,就要認真擔心,好學生是否會質疑。
燃燈禮,辦了幾次,成效如何,自在明眼人心中。原本很神聖的活動,下午三點多,操場音量就蓋過老師在教室的麥克風。近十位同學,拿著承辦單位蓋章的公假單,要請公假。我只准三張,理由很簡單 --- 學生繳費是來學習的,每門課都很重要,我們專業課程,應該未曾對與宗教活動相關的課程,施予外部性(externalities)。與宗教活動相關的課程,也請不要對專業課程,施予外部性。有人不同意,請挑時間與地點,我們公開辯論。同學與老師,有空請看「我和我的小鬼們 (The Class)」這部法國片,注意片尾那位女學生說的:「我沒學到東西 (I learned nothing from this course.)」
記憶中,我唸書時,交大團契所有活動都是課餘時間,大家自行奉獻時間。時代可能變了,天主還是同一位。
P.S. 大家也可思考,公民1985行動聯盟的活動,有人在請公假的嗎?向哪一單位請假啊?
Thursday, November 28, 2013
我們很熟嗎? Do I know you?
大環境變動,依程序更動必修課程,與新舊課程相關的教師知情、也參與討論。有人跳腳,大喊未被尊重。難道是,擬刪去的必修課,是他(她)未來可能教的課程嗎?撇開常聽到的教師「靠教必修課度日子」的壞毛病不談,這種極度前瞻性思維,令人啼笑皆非。
容我用莊子的技巧,創造一個小教材。
去年在賣場遇到一位教授,抱著眉清目秀的外孫(女)。
如果我說:「請你們好好栽培小寶貝,… 最好完成長春藤名校教育 – 因為我失聯多年的女兒,可能與我熱絡,… 可能會生小孩,生的小孩可能會與這位小寶貝擦出愛的火花 … 」
對方應該會說: Are you out of your fxxxxxg mind?
如果對方同情我的智障,至少也會淡淡回應:「我們很熟嗎?」
追求真理,其實不是智力問題,是個性問題。
會哭會鬧 就有糖吃? 果真如此 馬總統 您不用擔心民調與政績了。
面紙、喉糖 準備好
Wednesday, November 27, 2013
Some recent thoughts -- unknown or unimportant to many; important to few; ignored by a few
title: 為何不讀書? A trivial question with many simple answers.
November 27, 2013 at 9:56pm (on my FB Notes)
父母責怪孩子不讀書
孩子抱怨: 您們不是也不讀書嗎
父母: 我們不是不讀書 只是忙著賺錢 才能供你們讀書
父母: 我們就是從前不讀書 現在才指望你們讀書
老師責怪學生不讀書
學生抱怨: 您們不是也不讀書嗎
老師: 我們不是不讀書 只是忙著教書 才能賺你們父母的錢
老師: 我們不是不讀書 以前就讀過啦
Question: 以前讀過的書 還能跟得上主流嗎?
Some professors argued that one must know (differential) calculus in order to understand principles of economics. Well, all I can say is that Professor N. G. Mankiw at Harvard University has to work harder to make his textbook popular. Pity!
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title: For pleasure or for business? Some have both -- with hidden cost however.
November 27, 2013 at 9:35pm (on my FB Notes)
教師請公假 必須補課
教師請公差假 不必補課
有些奇怪吧
有一趟校外參訪 旅費與餐費 都不必自己出錢
原本一些教師 似乎沒啥意願
參訪 可以 請公差假
意願 就浮上檯面
Here comes the magic formula:
pleasure + business + reduced work load = incentive.
My question is: Who the hell bears the hidden cost?
Monday, January 16, 2012
Detailed Solution to Final Examination (F2011; Micro Principles)
經濟學(一) (Principles of Microeconomics)
3:00 pm ~ 5:00 pm, Monday, Jan.9, 2012
Open books/notes exam (excluding texts written in Chinese). Absolutely no talking nor borrowing items during exams.,可使用自己的資料(中文課本除外)、字典或翻譯機。行動電話若響起,該生扣十分、以強調基本禮貌。務必工整依序作答。題目較多,目的在於測試是否有平日閱讀英文資料之習慣。3:50 pm後,不可使用字典或翻譯機。題目較多,防止伏案補眠、速讀課本瞎找答案、左顧右盼。Watch your time and have fun! Total: 118 points
Part One: 30 Multiple choice questions. [By multiple choice in an English-speaking academic environment, we mean that you must choose the most appropriate one from 4 alternatives. 依慣例,答錯不倒扣!] 90 points
1. A bakery shop suddenly raised all prices by 15%, it would soon have a large drop in bakery goods sold. However, if the electricity company raised the charge rate by 15%, it would only have a small decrease in the amount of electricity sold. This sheds light on the importance of
(A) opportunity costs;
(B) sunk costs;
(C) production efficiency;
(D) market structure.
Ans: D. [p.289, text]
2. According to your textbook, which of the following is incorrect?
(A) The assumption of free entry and exit is very much needed in justifying price-taking;
(B) A perfectly competitive market must have many buyers and many sellers;
(C) Goods offered in a perfectly competitive market are largely the same;
(D) The assumption of having buyers and sellers well-informed is missing in the textbook’s definition of perfectly competitive markets.
Ans: A. [p.290, text; lecture 6]
3. If we carefully examine the first section of Ch.14, the definition of marginal revenue (or MR for short) is actually defined in the sense that
(A) MR := dTR/dq (where TR is total revenue and q stands for output level);
(B) MR at q = 4 is calculated by P(4 - 3);
(C) MR at q = 4 is calculated by P(5 - 4);
(D) MR measured while moving from q = 4 to q = 5 is calculated by P(5 - 4).
Ans: D. [p.291, table 1, text]
4. Suppose that your firm is in a perfectly competitive market (e.g., p.291). Then
(A) marginal revenue always equals average revenue whatever q > 0 is;
(B) average revenue always equals the price of good whatever q > 0 is;
(C) your rivals can affect your supply curve;
(D) changing your supply curve will influence the market demand.
Ans: B. [Since the price is determined by the market, changing your supply curve will only alter your output decision. From question 3, we see why (A) is incorrect.]
5. 一門選修課,只有15位同學。上課三週後,四位同學因故休學,學校仍然讓課程繼續。很多五金行,星期日不營業。The explanation has something to do with
(A) comparative advantage;
(B) sunk costs;
(C) marginal revenue equals marginal cost;
(D) fairness vs. equity.
Ans: B. [pp.297-8, text]
6. Think about a perfectly competitive market in the long run.
(A) Producers make positive profit if they have lower costs;
(B) The market demand curve is horizontal;
(C) The market supply curve is horizontal;
(D) None of the above is correct.
Ans: C. [p.303, text]
7. [continued from question 6]
(A) Producers make zero accounting profits;
(B) Producers make positive (economic) profits;
(C)這可以解釋為何當今大學面臨退場機制的威脅;
(D)這可以解釋為何古代的傳統小農一直是窮困的。
*Ans: D. [zero (economic) profits yet positive accounting profits. See p.303, text.]
8. From Ch.1, we learned that the cost of something is what you give up to get it. Here
(A) opportunity costs are not considered;
(B) explicit costs are not considered;
(C) implicit costs are not considered;
(D) None of the above is correct.
Ans: D. [pp.268-9, text]
9. Cynthia is teaching English (as a tutor) and making NTD40000 per month. She does not know how to drive, so she spent NTD8000 on taxi fares monthly. Before becoming a tutor, Cynthia was working at some language school near her home. That teaching job paid her NTD28000 monthly. She spent NTD2000 each month on buying small presents to create incentives for kids. The (economic) cost of her providing tutorial service is
(A) NTD34000 monthly;
(B) NTD32000 monthly;
(C) NTD8000 monthly;
(D) NTD36000 monthly.
Ans: A. [It is 8000 + (28000 - 2000) = 8000 + 26000 = 34000. See p.269, text]
10. [continued from question 9] From the view point of an accountant, Cynthia’s profit (by providing the tutorial service) is
(A) NTD6000 monthly;
(B) NTD32000 monthly;
(C) NTD4000 monthly;
(D) None of the above is correct.
Ans: B. [It is 40000 - 8000 = 32000. See p.269, text]
11. [continued from question 9] From the view point of an economist, Cynthia’s profit (by providing the tutorial service) is
(A) NTD6000 monthly;
(B) NTD32000 monthly;
(C) NTD4000 monthly;
(D) None of the above is correct.
Ans: A. [From question 9, we see that it is 40000 - 34000 = 6000. See p.269, text]
12. [continued from question 9] The opportunity cost of her providing tutorial service is
(A) NTD28000 monthly;
(B) NTD26000 monthly;
(C) NTD32000 monthly;
(D) NTD18000 monthly.
Ans: A. [It is 28000 - 2000 = 26000. Recall midterm exam.]
*13. [continued from question 9] Suppose that she is now asked by her ex boss to go back to that language school under the same condition as before. From the view point of an economist, Cynthia’s profit by working at that language school is
(A) NTD6000 monthly;
(B) NTD26000 monthly;
(C) NTD34000 monthly;
(D) None of the above is correct.
Ans: D. [It is 28000 - 2000 - (40000 - 8000) = 28000 - 2000 - 32000 = -6000.]
14. Recall the relation between production function and total cost curve (as seen on p.272, text). If the graph of production function is 3x - y = 0 for all non-negative x and y, then, given input price as 6, the total cost curve on the y-C space must be
(A) C - y/2 = 0;
(B) C - 2y = 0;
(C) C - 18y = 0;
(D) C - 3y = 0.
Ans: B. [Note that y = f(x) = 3x, hence cost of producing y units is 6(y/3) = 2y.]
15. Recall lecture 5 and Ch.6. If the government imposes a unit tax as luxury tax on some good whose market supply is relatively not price-sensitive but market demand is relatively price-sensitive. Then
(A) the burden of tax falls largely on sellers;
(B) the burden of tax falls largely on buyers;
(C) the burden of tax falls equally on sellers and buyers;
(D) None of the above is correct.
Ans: A. [p.130, text]
16. [continued from question 15] 如果政府對國產的高檔有機咖啡豆課徵量稅,
(A)高檔有機咖啡豆消費者抗議聲浪較高;
(B)高檔有機咖啡豆生產者抗議聲浪較高;
(C)一般咖啡豆進口者抗議聲浪較高;
(D) None of the above is correct.
Ans: B. [Obvious]
17. 政府基於「以價制量」出發點,課徵從量稅,導致漲價。下列何種商品的消費族群,抗議聲浪將明顯較高?
(A) BMW cars;
(B) LV bags;
(C) tap water;
(D) admission to concerts.
Ans: C. [For tap water, the market supply is relatively price-sensitive but market demand is nearly vertical.]
18. (基本經濟社會時事題)行政院勞工委員會自101年1月1日起調整勞工基本工資為每小時x元,教育部於100年12月29日來函敬請各校配合調整工讀費給付標準為每小時x元起。會計室備註:校內工讀費、各專案預算數維持不變,請自行於預算額度內調整可執行之工讀時數。Here x is
(A) 105;
(B) 104;
(C) 103;
(D) None of the above.
Ans: C.
19. [continued from question 18] Hence, according to the government, the equilibrium wage rate, in the absence of government intervention, must be
(A) greater than x;
(B) less than x;
(C) equal to x;
(D) Need more information to answer it.
Ans: B. [Minimum wage is a floor price, which must be above the equilibrium price.]
20. 課本有一則賣雨傘的漫畫,其用意是在解釋
(A) Beautiful ladies usually pay more for umbrellas;
(B) Price is fixed at perfectly competitive markets;
(C) An increase in demand might increase the market price;
(D) A decrease in supply might increase the market price.
Ans: C. [p.85, text]
21. What is described in Ch.4 as “supply decreases and demand significantly increases, leading to a big increase in price”?
(A)氫氣;
(B)氦氣;
(C) balloon;
(D) ice cream.
Ans: B. [氦氣(Helium Gas). See p.83, text]
22. Let the market demand curve be given by P + 2Q = 6; the market supply curve be given by P - 5Q = 3. The total surplus is
(A) 9/14;
(B) 8/15;
(C) 7/11;
(D) None of the above is correct.
Ans: A. [Solving P = 6 - 2Q and P = 3 + 5Q, we obtain Q* = 3/7, hence P* = 36/7. Total surplus is consumers’ surplus plus producers’ surplus, which is (6 - 3)(3/7)(1/2) = 9/14.]
23. [continued from question 22] Recall lecture 5. Suppose that a unit tax, $1, is imposed on sellers’ side. The market demand curve and supply curve become
(A) P + 2Q = 5 and P - 5Q = 3;
(B) P + 2Q = 7 and P - 5Q = 3;
(C) P + 2Q = 6 and P - 5Q = 4;
(D) P + 2Q = 6 and P - 5Q = 2.
Ans: C. [Trivial]
24. [continued from question 22] Recall lecture 5. Suppose that a unit tax, $1, is directly imposed on buyers’ side. (Buyers’ tax burden)/(sellers’ tax burden) is about
(A) 7:2;
(B) 5:7;
(C) 1:2;
(D) 2:5.
Ans: D. [In light of the equivalence result, we can simply work with question 23. From P + 2Q = 6 and P - 5Q = 4 we get P** = 38/7 and Q** = 2/7. Buyers’ tax burden is 38/7 - 36/7 = 2/7 while sellers’ tax burden is 1 - 2/7 = 5/7. Hence it is 2:5.]
25. Recall lecture 4. Let’s call D your demand curve for leisure; call S your supply curve of labor. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
(A) the link is that leisure hours plus working hours must be a constant;
(B) D must be downward-sloping;
(C) S may not be upward-sloping;
(D) D becomes upward-sloping after P > Po if and only if S becomes downward-sloping after P > Po.
Ans: B. [Recall lectures]
26. (靈活思考題) 假設你(妳)五年後在某財經雜誌寫互動式專欄。讀者來信內容如下:「我是一個32歲的女人,5年前搬到義大利。在這裡,30多歲的單身男性簡直是鳳毛麟角。我該繼續留在義大利呢,還是回國去?」受過經濟學訓練的你(妳),回應:
(A) Are you hitting on me?
(B) You have to stay there to balance the trade;
(C)請回到人口統計上有更多合格單身漢的地方吧;
(D)存錢變性才是最適解。
Ans: C. [Key is sunk costs. Source: 親愛的臥底經濟學家:從FACEBOOK到劈腿,150個生活難題爆笑拆解。原文作者:Tim Harford;譯者:尤傳莉]
Questions 27 ~ 30係為減輕『全面強制點名制度之副作用 -- 如伏案補眠或放空神遊』而設計的問題。
27. On November 21, 2011, when the instructor illustrated how to obtain market supply curve and market demand curve thru the coin-tossing game,
(A) the instructor made a mistake in figuring out the market supply curve;
(B) the instructor made a mistake in figuring out the market demand curve;
(C) the instructor made a mistake in figuring out both curves;
(D) a female student who was asked to work on the chalkboard made a mistake.
Ans: B.
28. On November 28, 2011 the instructor explained that the idea of having 2n-1 in the coin-tossing game
(A) will be further explored in Math for Management (管數) next term;
(B) was only a trivial and random design;
(C) was just meant to be fair to participants;
(D) None of the above.
Ans: A.
29. On Dec.26, 2011 the instructor mentioned an old academic joke about missing an exam.
(A) Three students knew which tire became a flat tire;
(B) The professor did not allow three students to take the make-up exam;
(C) The professor eventually failed those three students;
(D) Three students claimed that they were stuck by the road while returning from Kenting.
Ans: C.
30. The instructor mentioned his former professor, John Pomery, by saying that
(A) the web site Ratemyprofessors.com brings justice to the educational system;
(B) Professor Pomery was a terrible professor to him;
(C) many users in the web site Ratemyprofessors.com made very favorable comments on him.
(D) many users in the web site Ratemyprofessors.com made very bad comments on him.
Ans: D. [如果有同學抱怨自己認真到課,卻學不到東西,我們可以調閱試卷,看看 questions 27~30 答對幾題。]
Part Two: Four analytical questions. [注意字體工整、邏輯順暢與不要出現錯別字或注音(與火星文)!如果字跡難以辨認,視同未答。畫蛇添足、答非所問、不知所云、自曝其短,將不利得分。] 28 points
31. An economic agent, called A, has 10 hours to be spent on producing goods X and Y under linear (or fixed rate) technologies specified as follows. Spending a hours, with 0 ≦ a ≦10, on the production of X can bring him 2a units of X (or expressed by x = 2a); spending a hours, with 0 ≦ a ≦10, on producing Y can yield a/2 units of Y (i.e., y = a/2). Another economic agent, called B, has 20 hours to be spent on producing goods X and Y under linear (or fixed rate) technologies specified as follows. Spending a hours, with 0 ≦ a ≦20, on the production of X can bring him a/2 units of X; spending a hours, with 0 ≦ a ≦20, on producing Y can yield a units of Y.
(i) Carefully depict the PPF of A and the PPF of B. Must precisely spell out equations and label all intercepts.
(ii) Who has the absolute advantage in producing X? Briefly justify your choice.
(iii) Who has the comparative advantage in producing X? Justify briefly.
Ans:
In light of linear (or fixed rate) technologies, since a hours can produce 2a units of X, 1 unit of X requires (labor in the amount of) 0.5 hour. Similarly,a hours can produce a/2 units of Y, implying that 1 unit of Y requires (labor in the amount of) 2 hours. By 0.5x + 2y = 10 we see that A’s production possibility frontier (or PPF for short) is x + 4y = 20.
Similarly for B, since a hours can produce a/2 units of X, 1 unit of X requires (labor in the amount of) 2 hours. Likewise,a hours can produce a units of Y, implying that 1 unit of Y requires (labor in the amount of) 1 hour. Hence, 2x + y= 20. That is, B’s PPF is 2x + y = 20.
For x = 1, A needs to spend 0.5 hour; B needs to spend 2 hours. Hence, A has the absolute advantage in producing X.
For A, the opportunity cost of producing 1 unit of X is 0.25 unit of Y. For B, the opportunity cost of producing 1 unit of X is 2 units of Y. Hence, A has the comparative advantage in producing X. [Intuition? A’s PPF is flatter than B’s PPF.]
(圖形略)
Remark: 這是期中考題目。有一位UB1林同學(學號末一碼為1)竟然只答道:”Too difficult.”
32. 對於需要在校內打工的同學而言,question 18提到的新聞,是利多?還是壞消息? Briefly comment on it.
Ans: Bad news. 校內打工意願提高,但雇用工讀生的預算固定,校內打工市場的失業現象將發生或惡化。
*33. “Suppose that both a floor price and a ceiling price are now imposed on some good. Before the intervention, the equilibrium price was 90. We also know that the both floor price and ceiling price are not binding. Also floor price > 90 > ceiling price. At best this example can be found in stock market.” Agree or disagree. Must briefly justify your choice.
Ans: Disagree! As seen in textbook, we call a floor price binding if it is above the equilibrium price; a ceiling price binding if it is below the equilibrium price. Yet, neither is binding, hence a contradiction. 股價之每日漲跌幅度限制,與floor price and ceiling price 無關。
34. (靈活思考題) 期末考前一週,陳x宇同學來找我,問道:「期中考題目又多又難,奇怪題目一堆。你難道不擔心學生會給你很差的期末教學評量?」Now think like an economist. Was she rational or irrational? And how would you respond should you be in my shoes?
Ans: Recall the solution to midterm exam. 學校不能承受學生大量流失、導致學費收入驟減之困境。「資訊不對稱」之限制下,體認教育市場現況,教師只能調分(curving),確保學生不致於大量流失。教師出題時,不可能知道同學填寫的期末教學意見調查,打完學期成績後,看到期末教學意見調查結果,也不可能知道那些同學填寫正面意見、那些同學填寫負面對意見。教師只有盡全力將資訊透明化 -- 例如:公布試題與解答、調分公式、期中期末表現與自己的期末教學意見調查結果。試想一誇張例子:如果知名作家兼名嘴李敖來教授一門他的專長課程,縱然全班15人勾結、給他負面評量,只要他的授課實況錄影在電視播出,社會只會覺得文藻學生有問題。在正派經營的學校,好老師不會威脅同學,明示或暗示同學美化期末教學意見調查。同理,好學生也不會威脅老師,明示或暗示藉由期末教學意見調查可報復老師。即使陳同學只是隨口說說,此類「雜訊」,既無意義,也不理性。教師將此行為公開即可(see above)。
[Inspired by UB1陳x宇同學]
Remark: 一位重修同學答道:
”只能說:「雖然我也覺得題目又多又難又奇怪,但是我教學評量打得還不錯。」.”
我給她零分,評語:答非所問。列入解答。
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Performance:
60 students
Average: 53 (for midterm: 64)
Highest-lowest: 94-40 (for midterm: 91-40)
調分公式:Max{40, x(1.3)} (for midterm: Max{40, (x+15)(1.4)})
Final grade information:Average: 63.3
Highest-lowest: 88-49
Failure ratio: 25% (14位係來自UB1)
(撰寫試題無著作權;歡迎全貌下載流傳)
3:00 pm ~ 5:00 pm, Monday, Jan.9, 2012
Open books/notes exam (excluding texts written in Chinese). Absolutely no talking nor borrowing items during exams.,可使用自己的資料(中文課本除外)、字典或翻譯機。行動電話若響起,該生扣十分、以強調基本禮貌。務必工整依序作答。題目較多,目的在於測試是否有平日閱讀英文資料之習慣。3:50 pm後,不可使用字典或翻譯機。題目較多,防止伏案補眠、速讀課本瞎找答案、左顧右盼。Watch your time and have fun! Total: 118 points
Part One: 30 Multiple choice questions. [By multiple choice in an English-speaking academic environment, we mean that you must choose the most appropriate one from 4 alternatives. 依慣例,答錯不倒扣!] 90 points
1. A bakery shop suddenly raised all prices by 15%, it would soon have a large drop in bakery goods sold. However, if the electricity company raised the charge rate by 15%, it would only have a small decrease in the amount of electricity sold. This sheds light on the importance of
(A) opportunity costs;
(B) sunk costs;
(C) production efficiency;
(D) market structure.
Ans: D. [p.289, text]
2. According to your textbook, which of the following is incorrect?
(A) The assumption of free entry and exit is very much needed in justifying price-taking;
(B) A perfectly competitive market must have many buyers and many sellers;
(C) Goods offered in a perfectly competitive market are largely the same;
(D) The assumption of having buyers and sellers well-informed is missing in the textbook’s definition of perfectly competitive markets.
Ans: A. [p.290, text; lecture 6]
3. If we carefully examine the first section of Ch.14, the definition of marginal revenue (or MR for short) is actually defined in the sense that
(A) MR := dTR/dq (where TR is total revenue and q stands for output level);
(B) MR at q = 4 is calculated by P(4 - 3);
(C) MR at q = 4 is calculated by P(5 - 4);
(D) MR measured while moving from q = 4 to q = 5 is calculated by P(5 - 4).
Ans: D. [p.291, table 1, text]
4. Suppose that your firm is in a perfectly competitive market (e.g., p.291). Then
(A) marginal revenue always equals average revenue whatever q > 0 is;
(B) average revenue always equals the price of good whatever q > 0 is;
(C) your rivals can affect your supply curve;
(D) changing your supply curve will influence the market demand.
Ans: B. [Since the price is determined by the market, changing your supply curve will only alter your output decision. From question 3, we see why (A) is incorrect.]
5. 一門選修課,只有15位同學。上課三週後,四位同學因故休學,學校仍然讓課程繼續。很多五金行,星期日不營業。The explanation has something to do with
(A) comparative advantage;
(B) sunk costs;
(C) marginal revenue equals marginal cost;
(D) fairness vs. equity.
Ans: B. [pp.297-8, text]
6. Think about a perfectly competitive market in the long run.
(A) Producers make positive profit if they have lower costs;
(B) The market demand curve is horizontal;
(C) The market supply curve is horizontal;
(D) None of the above is correct.
Ans: C. [p.303, text]
7. [continued from question 6]
(A) Producers make zero accounting profits;
(B) Producers make positive (economic) profits;
(C)這可以解釋為何當今大學面臨退場機制的威脅;
(D)這可以解釋為何古代的傳統小農一直是窮困的。
*Ans: D. [zero (economic) profits yet positive accounting profits. See p.303, text.]
8. From Ch.1, we learned that the cost of something is what you give up to get it. Here
(A) opportunity costs are not considered;
(B) explicit costs are not considered;
(C) implicit costs are not considered;
(D) None of the above is correct.
Ans: D. [pp.268-9, text]
9. Cynthia is teaching English (as a tutor) and making NTD40000 per month. She does not know how to drive, so she spent NTD8000 on taxi fares monthly. Before becoming a tutor, Cynthia was working at some language school near her home. That teaching job paid her NTD28000 monthly. She spent NTD2000 each month on buying small presents to create incentives for kids. The (economic) cost of her providing tutorial service is
(A) NTD34000 monthly;
(B) NTD32000 monthly;
(C) NTD8000 monthly;
(D) NTD36000 monthly.
Ans: A. [It is 8000 + (28000 - 2000) = 8000 + 26000 = 34000. See p.269, text]
10. [continued from question 9] From the view point of an accountant, Cynthia’s profit (by providing the tutorial service) is
(A) NTD6000 monthly;
(B) NTD32000 monthly;
(C) NTD4000 monthly;
(D) None of the above is correct.
Ans: B. [It is 40000 - 8000 = 32000. See p.269, text]
11. [continued from question 9] From the view point of an economist, Cynthia’s profit (by providing the tutorial service) is
(A) NTD6000 monthly;
(B) NTD32000 monthly;
(C) NTD4000 monthly;
(D) None of the above is correct.
Ans: A. [From question 9, we see that it is 40000 - 34000 = 6000. See p.269, text]
12. [continued from question 9] The opportunity cost of her providing tutorial service is
(A) NTD28000 monthly;
(B) NTD26000 monthly;
(C) NTD32000 monthly;
(D) NTD18000 monthly.
Ans: A. [It is 28000 - 2000 = 26000. Recall midterm exam.]
*13. [continued from question 9] Suppose that she is now asked by her ex boss to go back to that language school under the same condition as before. From the view point of an economist, Cynthia’s profit by working at that language school is
(A) NTD6000 monthly;
(B) NTD26000 monthly;
(C) NTD34000 monthly;
(D) None of the above is correct.
Ans: D. [It is 28000 - 2000 - (40000 - 8000) = 28000 - 2000 - 32000 = -6000.]
14. Recall the relation between production function and total cost curve (as seen on p.272, text). If the graph of production function is 3x - y = 0 for all non-negative x and y, then, given input price as 6, the total cost curve on the y-C space must be
(A) C - y/2 = 0;
(B) C - 2y = 0;
(C) C - 18y = 0;
(D) C - 3y = 0.
Ans: B. [Note that y = f(x) = 3x, hence cost of producing y units is 6(y/3) = 2y.]
15. Recall lecture 5 and Ch.6. If the government imposes a unit tax as luxury tax on some good whose market supply is relatively not price-sensitive but market demand is relatively price-sensitive. Then
(A) the burden of tax falls largely on sellers;
(B) the burden of tax falls largely on buyers;
(C) the burden of tax falls equally on sellers and buyers;
(D) None of the above is correct.
Ans: A. [p.130, text]
16. [continued from question 15] 如果政府對國產的高檔有機咖啡豆課徵量稅,
(A)高檔有機咖啡豆消費者抗議聲浪較高;
(B)高檔有機咖啡豆生產者抗議聲浪較高;
(C)一般咖啡豆進口者抗議聲浪較高;
(D) None of the above is correct.
Ans: B. [Obvious]
17. 政府基於「以價制量」出發點,課徵從量稅,導致漲價。下列何種商品的消費族群,抗議聲浪將明顯較高?
(A) BMW cars;
(B) LV bags;
(C) tap water;
(D) admission to concerts.
Ans: C. [For tap water, the market supply is relatively price-sensitive but market demand is nearly vertical.]
18. (基本經濟社會時事題)行政院勞工委員會自101年1月1日起調整勞工基本工資為每小時x元,教育部於100年12月29日來函敬請各校配合調整工讀費給付標準為每小時x元起。會計室備註:校內工讀費、各專案預算數維持不變,請自行於預算額度內調整可執行之工讀時數。Here x is
(A) 105;
(B) 104;
(C) 103;
(D) None of the above.
Ans: C.
19. [continued from question 18] Hence, according to the government, the equilibrium wage rate, in the absence of government intervention, must be
(A) greater than x;
(B) less than x;
(C) equal to x;
(D) Need more information to answer it.
Ans: B. [Minimum wage is a floor price, which must be above the equilibrium price.]
20. 課本有一則賣雨傘的漫畫,其用意是在解釋
(A) Beautiful ladies usually pay more for umbrellas;
(B) Price is fixed at perfectly competitive markets;
(C) An increase in demand might increase the market price;
(D) A decrease in supply might increase the market price.
Ans: C. [p.85, text]
21. What is described in Ch.4 as “supply decreases and demand significantly increases, leading to a big increase in price”?
(A)氫氣;
(B)氦氣;
(C) balloon;
(D) ice cream.
Ans: B. [氦氣(Helium Gas). See p.83, text]
22. Let the market demand curve be given by P + 2Q = 6; the market supply curve be given by P - 5Q = 3. The total surplus is
(A) 9/14;
(B) 8/15;
(C) 7/11;
(D) None of the above is correct.
Ans: A. [Solving P = 6 - 2Q and P = 3 + 5Q, we obtain Q* = 3/7, hence P* = 36/7. Total surplus is consumers’ surplus plus producers’ surplus, which is (6 - 3)(3/7)(1/2) = 9/14.]
23. [continued from question 22] Recall lecture 5. Suppose that a unit tax, $1, is imposed on sellers’ side. The market demand curve and supply curve become
(A) P + 2Q = 5 and P - 5Q = 3;
(B) P + 2Q = 7 and P - 5Q = 3;
(C) P + 2Q = 6 and P - 5Q = 4;
(D) P + 2Q = 6 and P - 5Q = 2.
Ans: C. [Trivial]
24. [continued from question 22] Recall lecture 5. Suppose that a unit tax, $1, is directly imposed on buyers’ side. (Buyers’ tax burden)/(sellers’ tax burden) is about
(A) 7:2;
(B) 5:7;
(C) 1:2;
(D) 2:5.
Ans: D. [In light of the equivalence result, we can simply work with question 23. From P + 2Q = 6 and P - 5Q = 4 we get P** = 38/7 and Q** = 2/7. Buyers’ tax burden is 38/7 - 36/7 = 2/7 while sellers’ tax burden is 1 - 2/7 = 5/7. Hence it is 2:5.]
25. Recall lecture 4. Let’s call D your demand curve for leisure; call S your supply curve of labor. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
(A) the link is that leisure hours plus working hours must be a constant;
(B) D must be downward-sloping;
(C) S may not be upward-sloping;
(D) D becomes upward-sloping after P > Po if and only if S becomes downward-sloping after P > Po.
Ans: B. [Recall lectures]
26. (靈活思考題) 假設你(妳)五年後在某財經雜誌寫互動式專欄。讀者來信內容如下:「我是一個32歲的女人,5年前搬到義大利。在這裡,30多歲的單身男性簡直是鳳毛麟角。我該繼續留在義大利呢,還是回國去?」受過經濟學訓練的你(妳),回應:
(A) Are you hitting on me?
(B) You have to stay there to balance the trade;
(C)請回到人口統計上有更多合格單身漢的地方吧;
(D)存錢變性才是最適解。
Ans: C. [Key is sunk costs. Source: 親愛的臥底經濟學家:從FACEBOOK到劈腿,150個生活難題爆笑拆解。原文作者:Tim Harford;譯者:尤傳莉]
Questions 27 ~ 30係為減輕『全面強制點名制度之副作用 -- 如伏案補眠或放空神遊』而設計的問題。
27. On November 21, 2011, when the instructor illustrated how to obtain market supply curve and market demand curve thru the coin-tossing game,
(A) the instructor made a mistake in figuring out the market supply curve;
(B) the instructor made a mistake in figuring out the market demand curve;
(C) the instructor made a mistake in figuring out both curves;
(D) a female student who was asked to work on the chalkboard made a mistake.
Ans: B.
28. On November 28, 2011 the instructor explained that the idea of having 2n-1 in the coin-tossing game
(A) will be further explored in Math for Management (管數) next term;
(B) was only a trivial and random design;
(C) was just meant to be fair to participants;
(D) None of the above.
Ans: A.
29. On Dec.26, 2011 the instructor mentioned an old academic joke about missing an exam.
(A) Three students knew which tire became a flat tire;
(B) The professor did not allow three students to take the make-up exam;
(C) The professor eventually failed those three students;
(D) Three students claimed that they were stuck by the road while returning from Kenting.
Ans: C.
30. The instructor mentioned his former professor, John Pomery, by saying that
(A) the web site Ratemyprofessors.com brings justice to the educational system;
(B) Professor Pomery was a terrible professor to him;
(C) many users in the web site Ratemyprofessors.com made very favorable comments on him.
(D) many users in the web site Ratemyprofessors.com made very bad comments on him.
Ans: D. [如果有同學抱怨自己認真到課,卻學不到東西,我們可以調閱試卷,看看 questions 27~30 答對幾題。]
Part Two: Four analytical questions. [注意字體工整、邏輯順暢與不要出現錯別字或注音(與火星文)!如果字跡難以辨認,視同未答。畫蛇添足、答非所問、不知所云、自曝其短,將不利得分。] 28 points
31. An economic agent, called A, has 10 hours to be spent on producing goods X and Y under linear (or fixed rate) technologies specified as follows. Spending a hours, with 0 ≦ a ≦10, on the production of X can bring him 2a units of X (or expressed by x = 2a); spending a hours, with 0 ≦ a ≦10, on producing Y can yield a/2 units of Y (i.e., y = a/2). Another economic agent, called B, has 20 hours to be spent on producing goods X and Y under linear (or fixed rate) technologies specified as follows. Spending a hours, with 0 ≦ a ≦20, on the production of X can bring him a/2 units of X; spending a hours, with 0 ≦ a ≦20, on producing Y can yield a units of Y.
(i) Carefully depict the PPF of A and the PPF of B. Must precisely spell out equations and label all intercepts.
(ii) Who has the absolute advantage in producing X? Briefly justify your choice.
(iii) Who has the comparative advantage in producing X? Justify briefly.
Ans:
In light of linear (or fixed rate) technologies, since a hours can produce 2a units of X, 1 unit of X requires (labor in the amount of) 0.5 hour. Similarly,a hours can produce a/2 units of Y, implying that 1 unit of Y requires (labor in the amount of) 2 hours. By 0.5x + 2y = 10 we see that A’s production possibility frontier (or PPF for short) is x + 4y = 20.
Similarly for B, since a hours can produce a/2 units of X, 1 unit of X requires (labor in the amount of) 2 hours. Likewise,a hours can produce a units of Y, implying that 1 unit of Y requires (labor in the amount of) 1 hour. Hence, 2x + y= 20. That is, B’s PPF is 2x + y = 20.
For x = 1, A needs to spend 0.5 hour; B needs to spend 2 hours. Hence, A has the absolute advantage in producing X.
For A, the opportunity cost of producing 1 unit of X is 0.25 unit of Y. For B, the opportunity cost of producing 1 unit of X is 2 units of Y. Hence, A has the comparative advantage in producing X. [Intuition? A’s PPF is flatter than B’s PPF.]
(圖形略)
Remark: 這是期中考題目。有一位UB1林同學(學號末一碼為1)竟然只答道:”Too difficult.”
32. 對於需要在校內打工的同學而言,question 18提到的新聞,是利多?還是壞消息? Briefly comment on it.
Ans: Bad news. 校內打工意願提高,但雇用工讀生的預算固定,校內打工市場的失業現象將發生或惡化。
*33. “Suppose that both a floor price and a ceiling price are now imposed on some good. Before the intervention, the equilibrium price was 90. We also know that the both floor price and ceiling price are not binding. Also floor price > 90 > ceiling price. At best this example can be found in stock market.” Agree or disagree. Must briefly justify your choice.
Ans: Disagree! As seen in textbook, we call a floor price binding if it is above the equilibrium price; a ceiling price binding if it is below the equilibrium price. Yet, neither is binding, hence a contradiction. 股價之每日漲跌幅度限制,與floor price and ceiling price 無關。
34. (靈活思考題) 期末考前一週,陳x宇同學來找我,問道:「期中考題目又多又難,奇怪題目一堆。你難道不擔心學生會給你很差的期末教學評量?」Now think like an economist. Was she rational or irrational? And how would you respond should you be in my shoes?
Ans: Recall the solution to midterm exam. 學校不能承受學生大量流失、導致學費收入驟減之困境。「資訊不對稱」之限制下,體認教育市場現況,教師只能調分(curving),確保學生不致於大量流失。教師出題時,不可能知道同學填寫的期末教學意見調查,打完學期成績後,看到期末教學意見調查結果,也不可能知道那些同學填寫正面意見、那些同學填寫負面對意見。教師只有盡全力將資訊透明化 -- 例如:公布試題與解答、調分公式、期中期末表現與自己的期末教學意見調查結果。試想一誇張例子:如果知名作家兼名嘴李敖來教授一門他的專長課程,縱然全班15人勾結、給他負面評量,只要他的授課實況錄影在電視播出,社會只會覺得文藻學生有問題。在正派經營的學校,好老師不會威脅同學,明示或暗示同學美化期末教學意見調查。同理,好學生也不會威脅老師,明示或暗示藉由期末教學意見調查可報復老師。即使陳同學只是隨口說說,此類「雜訊」,既無意義,也不理性。教師將此行為公開即可(see above)。
[Inspired by UB1陳x宇同學]
Remark: 一位重修同學答道:
”只能說:「雖然我也覺得題目又多又難又奇怪,但是我教學評量打得還不錯。」.”
我給她零分,評語:答非所問。列入解答。
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Performance:
60 students
Average: 53 (for midterm: 64)
Highest-lowest: 94-40 (for midterm: 91-40)
調分公式:Max{40, x(1.3)} (for midterm: Max{40, (x+15)(1.4)})
Final grade information:Average: 63.3
Highest-lowest: 88-49
Failure ratio: 25% (14位係來自UB1)
(撰寫試題無著作權;歡迎全貌下載流傳)
Monday, December 19, 2011
千山我獨行?
前言
Complexity is something that must be handled with great caution. 我常想,有沒有可能,在所謂的民意(含全國家長聯盟?)聲浪下,立法院與教育部不斷以瑣碎規定,對學校進行評鑑、輔導與約束,立意良好,真正的報酬率呢?衍生的負面外部效果 (negative externalities)呢? 學校每幾年被評鑑一次,算是大動員。學校有行政系統與教學系統,尚有人力、物力。如果有樣學樣,學校對每位教師也來個每年評鑑一次,結果又將如何?學生要惜福,因為我們老師,並沒有「有樣學樣」。
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1:14 am, 12152011 sent
December 14, 2011
人事室主任 x教授如晤;
"Just where you stand in the conflict, there is your place.
Just where you think you are useless, hide not your face.
God placed you there for a purpose, whate'er it be;
Think He has chosen you for it; work loyally.
Gird on your armor! Be faithful! At toil or rest!
Whate'er it be, never doubting God's way is best.
Out in the fight or on picket, stand firm and true;
This is the work which your Master gives you to do."
~ Streams in the Desert
拜讀12132011收到的「教師評鑑分項評分表試評暨公聽會資料」,見到長達12頁的「xxxx學院教師評鑑分項評分表」,基於教育工作者之使命與個人專業,不得不陳述拙見。文責自負,雖不敢奢望,仍懇請全貌轉寄分享或公告,為感為禱。遵循學術倫理,目前此信副本同時傳送國際企業管理系(所)同仁,也呈送 董事長、校長與副校長。
容許我提供一些歷史背景。第一版(今年仍然採用的版本)的製作,經過專責小組多次會議討論,我也是小組成員之一。回想我在會議的多次發言與聽到的討論,年度自評,沒有詳細列出加分項目,既考慮教學單位之差異,也尊重教師個人特色與自我定位。基本精神在於自我列舉加分事蹟,並附佐證資料。每人一檔案夾(直接膠裝更佳,我自己就是如此做),既提醒每位教師自我檢核年度績效,也不會有人因三年總績效不佳,在2008年意圖造假2007年的研究成果。行政主管可以隨時調閱每位教師的教學、研究、服務自我揭露(self-revealing)資料。[我在美國任教三年,都是如此,在幾頁自評報告(備忘錄格式)末尾,系主任寫下他的意見,教師還有回應空間,然後資料送至院長室。楊濬中校長也曾經在逢甲採用類似作法,這些例子,已經是十多年前的。]當時的x校長曾經表示,三年一次的教師評鑑,就不會一樣,至少會納入校外學者的意見。我的粗淺了解是:後來,有些系教評會,未能認真把關:有些教師的自評分數高到破百:三年一次的教師評鑑,還是沿用一年一次的自評表格。個人認為,自評分數接近滿分,不是好事,因為成為鎂光燈焦點後,很少人經得起放大檢視,更沒聽說教師在轉換跑道時,新東家會採信老東家的高分考績。既然是自我揭露,所有自評資料(含佐證),當然可以在系上供全體教師瀏覽借鏡。因此,不知如何自我列舉加分者,可以經由瀏覽同儕資料而借鏡,不必大費周章,擬出一份奢望「放諸四海皆準」的表格,供他(她)們勾選。
律法與宗教,都能規範、導正人類的行為模式。兩者有一顯著差異,在於前者係立基於嚴謹且詳盡的規則,針對眾多的可能狀況,預先擬定因應措施或罰則,精神在於所謂的 contingency 與 justice。後者則強調樹立榜樣、鞏固與教化基本美德、相互扶持、廣泛凝聚力量與深入強化信念。兩者是互補關係,沒有太大衝突。如果在教意的大原則下,動員眾人,只是為了修改律法,而忘記正因為對「個人差異」之尊重,反而會持續增加律法的繁雜程度。如此為之,律法與宗教,就會有衝突。目前的「xxxx學院教師評鑑分項評分表」修正版(或其他版本),當然可以是執事者對所有教師的期望或要求。不同的執事者,可能在「對所有教師的期望或要求」上,會有所差異。人治之可貴、優秀學者之影響、良好校風與文化,道理即在這裡。目前看到的似乎是,動員所有教師,窮其力思考所有contingencies,還要化解目標的衝突,奢望完成一套律法形式的「xxxx學院教師評鑑分項評分表」,執事者不必提出對所有教師的期望或要求,只需依照律法逐條走,何來「人治」之說?遑論風行草偃之境界!
暫且不談律法、不提宗教,在少子化、退場機制議題正熱門的當下,「以企業化經營思維來辦學」之說,屢見不鮮。那麼容許我以大企業的管理為例。企業主管對員工的管理與考核,必然是分層負責與授權考核,不可能製作一份冗長的檢核表(check list),範圍包括製造、財務、行銷、物流、人資等部門的詳細績效,要求每位員工每年先逐項自我檢查。事實上,本校也沒有製作一份冗長的檢核表,範圍包括教務、學務、總務、研發與推廣、會計、人事、公關與所有教學單位的詳細績效,要求每位職員、職工每年先逐項自我檢查。更不可能,會有任何學校的董事會,製作一份冗長的檢核表,要求當下與未來的每位校長候選人先逐項自我檢查。多年前,遇到兩位校長,在校務會議中,會打斷某位習慣性離題發言的代表,理由約是:「不是我不讓你講十分鐘,只是我不能浪費100位與會者的1000分鐘。」這就是經濟學的機會成本 (opportunity cost),校長的明智果斷處理,讓資源不致於錯置。很多人都聽過,「不要驚動牠,等牠心甘情願唱歌」的比喻。我也常想,一件事情,我自己做,滿懷喜悅;要求大家一起做,也許會怨聲載道、無人受惠。分享一則小例子:因為學校要求全面點名,每次教大班必修課,我自己利用窗簾為背景,為每位同學拍大頭照,製作「有照片的座位表」。年復一年,我也注意耗費時間的逐年縮短與流程順暢度提升;同學整體配合拍照之態度,也與後來的上課情況有正相關。對此作法,我確實自我感覺極為良好,絕對不想為學生洗腳,也不想讓大多數老師跟進。也許有一天,有位教師自行設計十餘頁的 check list,為每位學生更客觀地評定學期成績,我會訝異但不會跟進。與此不同的是,如果有位教師要求同學集體設計十餘頁的 check list,每位學生自行填寫並附佐證後,才會得到該教師評定的學期成績,有誰能接受?曾經有一位同事,在系務會議強力主張,系裡應該擬一份制式推薦信,方便教師為每年申請留學的同學寫推薦函。即使冒著失去友誼之險,我還是直接回應:「親自撰打推薦信,本來就是教師的基本職責與能力。有人不會寫,我個人願意提供樣本。我們不應該為此而統一格式,限制其他人的發揮空間。」
延續「以企業化經營思維來辦學」之說,目前的「xxxx學院教師評鑑分項評分表」修正版(或其他版本),當然可以是執事者對所有教師的期望或要求,也有它的合理用途。例如,果真有不適任者,對人事聘任案結果如有異議,在自行舉證之時,該評分表即為理想的依據 (guideline)。學校對不適任者之輔導,也可以要求被輔導者依據該評分表舉證。這正是企業經營的「例外管理」,與要求全體教師每人每年逐項檢查並佐證,大異其趣。
我的預測是,不論最後修正版本為何,也不管修正與否,聰明又有實力的教師,拿高分不是問題。聰明但是沒有實力的教師,要取巧過關也不難。不聰明又沒有實力的教師,應該會得低分。請問:占大多數的其他教師,得每年填寫十餘頁自評表,準備且影印佐證資料,別忘記還有相關處室與教學單位之查核與認證工作,稱之為資源錯置與浪費的異象,應不為過。如果通過此一繁瑣的分項表,既成體制的一部份,當然會被攤在陽光下。只是,有意加入xx團隊的外校教師,會不會因此產生負面想法?依現代經濟學的術語,這也許是「負面訊號」。(取得證照與面試時穿著正式,是求職者釋放正面訊號之例。我曾指導一組專題,試圖探討為何本校的點名制度應該是、卻沒有被解讀為認真辦學的訊號。美國也有經濟學家針對前段大學教師不會自己強調有博士學位、後段大學教師多會自己強調博士學位,提出負面訊號之概念。)既然與機會成本、資源分配、訊號與負面訊號有關,對一位在經濟領域逾20年的教育工作者如我,豈能繼續保持沉默?
當第一版的分項評分表之主軸被大幅改變後,針對細項的項目增減與配分調整之討論,勢必淪為各方(勢力?)拉鋸戰,正如五人分兩枚金幣,不滿意者必過半。我真的沒有信心,執事者與同儕還願意回到基本面思考這一議題。既然不想加入拉鋸戰,進一步增加機會成本,我選擇不參加公聽會。
從921震災、911恐怖攻擊到幾次大海嘯之後,常聽人感嘆:「其實人是極為渺小的。」渺小的一粒砂,其實較易找到平靜。在每年最多感恩與省思的這個月份,願 上主賜智慧予眾人。
以馬內利
衛忠欣
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12:57 pm, 12162011人事室主任回函如下:
感謝您的賜教,教師評鑑表是一項持續修正的歷程,
方符合全面品質管理中,追求品質改善的精神,
所以來年仍可能會因需求而調整。
如蒙核可,您的來函將連結於人事室的網頁,
作為暮鼓晨鐘之用。
並懇請您一本初衷,隨時給於人事室各項業務指導。
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1:11 pm, 12162011 jsw 再致人事室主任:
感謝!連結於人事室的網頁,也許才能發揮拋磚引玉之效。所有可能的各方指正,對我更有再教育的助益。
Complexity is something that must be handled with great caution. 我常想,有沒有可能,在所謂的民意(含全國家長聯盟?)聲浪下,立法院與教育部不斷以瑣碎規定,對學校進行評鑑、輔導與約束,立意良好,真正的報酬率呢?衍生的負面外部效果 (negative externalities)呢? 學校每幾年被評鑑一次,算是大動員。學校有行政系統與教學系統,尚有人力、物力。如果有樣學樣,學校對每位教師也來個每年評鑑一次,結果又將如何?學生要惜福,因為我們老師,並沒有「有樣學樣」。
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1:14 am, 12152011 sent
December 14, 2011
人事室主任 x教授如晤;
"Just where you stand in the conflict, there is your place.
Just where you think you are useless, hide not your face.
God placed you there for a purpose, whate'er it be;
Think He has chosen you for it; work loyally.
Gird on your armor! Be faithful! At toil or rest!
Whate'er it be, never doubting God's way is best.
Out in the fight or on picket, stand firm and true;
This is the work which your Master gives you to do."
~ Streams in the Desert
拜讀12132011收到的「教師評鑑分項評分表試評暨公聽會資料」,見到長達12頁的「xxxx學院教師評鑑分項評分表」,基於教育工作者之使命與個人專業,不得不陳述拙見。文責自負,雖不敢奢望,仍懇請全貌轉寄分享或公告,為感為禱。遵循學術倫理,目前此信副本同時傳送國際企業管理系(所)同仁,也呈送 董事長、校長與副校長。
容許我提供一些歷史背景。第一版(今年仍然採用的版本)的製作,經過專責小組多次會議討論,我也是小組成員之一。回想我在會議的多次發言與聽到的討論,年度自評,沒有詳細列出加分項目,既考慮教學單位之差異,也尊重教師個人特色與自我定位。基本精神在於自我列舉加分事蹟,並附佐證資料。每人一檔案夾(直接膠裝更佳,我自己就是如此做),既提醒每位教師自我檢核年度績效,也不會有人因三年總績效不佳,在2008年意圖造假2007年的研究成果。行政主管可以隨時調閱每位教師的教學、研究、服務自我揭露(self-revealing)資料。[我在美國任教三年,都是如此,在幾頁自評報告(備忘錄格式)末尾,系主任寫下他的意見,教師還有回應空間,然後資料送至院長室。楊濬中校長也曾經在逢甲採用類似作法,這些例子,已經是十多年前的。]當時的x校長曾經表示,三年一次的教師評鑑,就不會一樣,至少會納入校外學者的意見。我的粗淺了解是:後來,有些系教評會,未能認真把關:有些教師的自評分數高到破百:三年一次的教師評鑑,還是沿用一年一次的自評表格。個人認為,自評分數接近滿分,不是好事,因為成為鎂光燈焦點後,很少人經得起放大檢視,更沒聽說教師在轉換跑道時,新東家會採信老東家的高分考績。既然是自我揭露,所有自評資料(含佐證),當然可以在系上供全體教師瀏覽借鏡。因此,不知如何自我列舉加分者,可以經由瀏覽同儕資料而借鏡,不必大費周章,擬出一份奢望「放諸四海皆準」的表格,供他(她)們勾選。
律法與宗教,都能規範、導正人類的行為模式。兩者有一顯著差異,在於前者係立基於嚴謹且詳盡的規則,針對眾多的可能狀況,預先擬定因應措施或罰則,精神在於所謂的 contingency 與 justice。後者則強調樹立榜樣、鞏固與教化基本美德、相互扶持、廣泛凝聚力量與深入強化信念。兩者是互補關係,沒有太大衝突。如果在教意的大原則下,動員眾人,只是為了修改律法,而忘記正因為對「個人差異」之尊重,反而會持續增加律法的繁雜程度。如此為之,律法與宗教,就會有衝突。目前的「xxxx學院教師評鑑分項評分表」修正版(或其他版本),當然可以是執事者對所有教師的期望或要求。不同的執事者,可能在「對所有教師的期望或要求」上,會有所差異。人治之可貴、優秀學者之影響、良好校風與文化,道理即在這裡。目前看到的似乎是,動員所有教師,窮其力思考所有contingencies,還要化解目標的衝突,奢望完成一套律法形式的「xxxx學院教師評鑑分項評分表」,執事者不必提出對所有教師的期望或要求,只需依照律法逐條走,何來「人治」之說?遑論風行草偃之境界!
暫且不談律法、不提宗教,在少子化、退場機制議題正熱門的當下,「以企業化經營思維來辦學」之說,屢見不鮮。那麼容許我以大企業的管理為例。企業主管對員工的管理與考核,必然是分層負責與授權考核,不可能製作一份冗長的檢核表(check list),範圍包括製造、財務、行銷、物流、人資等部門的詳細績效,要求每位員工每年先逐項自我檢查。事實上,本校也沒有製作一份冗長的檢核表,範圍包括教務、學務、總務、研發與推廣、會計、人事、公關與所有教學單位的詳細績效,要求每位職員、職工每年先逐項自我檢查。更不可能,會有任何學校的董事會,製作一份冗長的檢核表,要求當下與未來的每位校長候選人先逐項自我檢查。多年前,遇到兩位校長,在校務會議中,會打斷某位習慣性離題發言的代表,理由約是:「不是我不讓你講十分鐘,只是我不能浪費100位與會者的1000分鐘。」這就是經濟學的機會成本 (opportunity cost),校長的明智果斷處理,讓資源不致於錯置。很多人都聽過,「不要驚動牠,等牠心甘情願唱歌」的比喻。我也常想,一件事情,我自己做,滿懷喜悅;要求大家一起做,也許會怨聲載道、無人受惠。分享一則小例子:因為學校要求全面點名,每次教大班必修課,我自己利用窗簾為背景,為每位同學拍大頭照,製作「有照片的座位表」。年復一年,我也注意耗費時間的逐年縮短與流程順暢度提升;同學整體配合拍照之態度,也與後來的上課情況有正相關。對此作法,我確實自我感覺極為良好,絕對不想為學生洗腳,也不想讓大多數老師跟進。也許有一天,有位教師自行設計十餘頁的 check list,為每位學生更客觀地評定學期成績,我會訝異但不會跟進。與此不同的是,如果有位教師要求同學集體設計十餘頁的 check list,每位學生自行填寫並附佐證後,才會得到該教師評定的學期成績,有誰能接受?曾經有一位同事,在系務會議強力主張,系裡應該擬一份制式推薦信,方便教師為每年申請留學的同學寫推薦函。即使冒著失去友誼之險,我還是直接回應:「親自撰打推薦信,本來就是教師的基本職責與能力。有人不會寫,我個人願意提供樣本。我們不應該為此而統一格式,限制其他人的發揮空間。」
延續「以企業化經營思維來辦學」之說,目前的「xxxx學院教師評鑑分項評分表」修正版(或其他版本),當然可以是執事者對所有教師的期望或要求,也有它的合理用途。例如,果真有不適任者,對人事聘任案結果如有異議,在自行舉證之時,該評分表即為理想的依據 (guideline)。學校對不適任者之輔導,也可以要求被輔導者依據該評分表舉證。這正是企業經營的「例外管理」,與要求全體教師每人每年逐項檢查並佐證,大異其趣。
我的預測是,不論最後修正版本為何,也不管修正與否,聰明又有實力的教師,拿高分不是問題。聰明但是沒有實力的教師,要取巧過關也不難。不聰明又沒有實力的教師,應該會得低分。請問:占大多數的其他教師,得每年填寫十餘頁自評表,準備且影印佐證資料,別忘記還有相關處室與教學單位之查核與認證工作,稱之為資源錯置與浪費的異象,應不為過。如果通過此一繁瑣的分項表,既成體制的一部份,當然會被攤在陽光下。只是,有意加入xx團隊的外校教師,會不會因此產生負面想法?依現代經濟學的術語,這也許是「負面訊號」。(取得證照與面試時穿著正式,是求職者釋放正面訊號之例。我曾指導一組專題,試圖探討為何本校的點名制度應該是、卻沒有被解讀為認真辦學的訊號。美國也有經濟學家針對前段大學教師不會自己強調有博士學位、後段大學教師多會自己強調博士學位,提出負面訊號之概念。)既然與機會成本、資源分配、訊號與負面訊號有關,對一位在經濟領域逾20年的教育工作者如我,豈能繼續保持沉默?
當第一版的分項評分表之主軸被大幅改變後,針對細項的項目增減與配分調整之討論,勢必淪為各方(勢力?)拉鋸戰,正如五人分兩枚金幣,不滿意者必過半。我真的沒有信心,執事者與同儕還願意回到基本面思考這一議題。既然不想加入拉鋸戰,進一步增加機會成本,我選擇不參加公聽會。
從921震災、911恐怖攻擊到幾次大海嘯之後,常聽人感嘆:「其實人是極為渺小的。」渺小的一粒砂,其實較易找到平靜。在每年最多感恩與省思的這個月份,願 上主賜智慧予眾人。
以馬內利
衛忠欣
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12:57 pm, 12162011人事室主任回函如下:
感謝您的賜教,教師評鑑表是一項持續修正的歷程,
方符合全面品質管理中,追求品質改善的精神,
所以來年仍可能會因需求而調整。
如蒙核可,您的來函將連結於人事室的網頁,
作為暮鼓晨鐘之用。
並懇請您一本初衷,隨時給於人事室各項業務指導。
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1:11 pm, 12162011 jsw 再致人事室主任:
感謝!連結於人事室的網頁,也許才能發揮拋磚引玉之效。所有可能的各方指正,對我更有再教育的助益。
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